Le 1: Figure S2). TSS concentration was larger than 800 mg/L at two STPs 152 and 48 MLD, Ludhiana. Sulfate concentration in sewage at 27 and 34 MLD STPs at Noida and 111, 152 and 48 MLD STPs at Ludhiana city was observed between 120 to 270 mg/L. The higher sulfates concentration could possibly be because of the disposal of industrial wastewaters into sewer. These values are larger than 20 to 50 mg/L frequently located in sewage [12]. Mahmoud, 2002 [13] even so, reported SO4 two concentration as high as 900 mg/L within the sewage of Ramallah, Palestine. The higher BOD and COD concentration in sewage was attributed for the disposal of industrial waste since these STPs are positioned in hugely industrialized regions.Functionality of different UASB reactors BOD, COD and TSS removalsThe overall performance of three STPs at Agra, Surat and Ludhiana (i.e.78, 100 and 48 MLD) was not optimum and the removal of BOD, COD and TSS was 4548 , 2943 and 4051 respectively. The purpose for poor functionality was improper O M and lack of sludge wasting, grit removal and screening handle. The overall performance of 27 and 152 MLD at Noida and Ludhiana reactors was observed fairly fantastic together with the BOD, COD and TSS removal efficiencies of 5359; 4155 and 4959 respectively.Fmoc-Pra-OH web The higher sulfates concentration in sewage did not result in process failure, nonetheless, higher sulfides production was observed.N-Boc-O-tosyl hydroxylamine Chemscene In accordance with Yamaguchi et al. 1999, the performance in the UASB reactors was barely affected at this sulfate concentration [14].Table 2 Summary of therapy overall performance of UASB reactorsSTPs place Capacity (MLD) 38 78 40 43 one hundred 27 34 111 152 48 Mean effluent concentration (mg/L) and mean ( ) removal efficiencies BOD Saharanpur Agra Karnal Vadodara Surat Noida (Sector50) Noida (Sector54) Bhattian, Ludhiana Balloke, Ludhiana Jamalpur, Ludhiana 80 (60) 74 (48) 68 (60) 57 (62) 135 (47) 159 (53) 50 (79) 98 (66) 148 (59) 102 (45) COD 150 (55) 143 (43) 163 (62) 139 (75) 402 (42) 450 (41) 277 (51) 157 (59) 245 (55) 567 (29) TSS 120 (60) 72 (41) 89 (54) 114 (70) 142 (40) 146 (59) 128 (54) 106 (64) 452 (49) 386 (51)The UASB effluent concentrations of BOD, COD and TSS together with their respective removal efficiencies are presented in Table 2.PMID:23664186 The highest removal of BOD, COD and TSS in UASB reactor was observed at five STPs viz. 38 MLDSaharanpur, 40 MLDKarnal, 43 MLDVadodara, 34 MLDNoida and 111MLDLudhiana, along with the final effluent concentrations ranged from 5098, 139277 and 89128 mg/L for BOD, COD and TSS, respectively. The efficiency from the UASB reactors examined within this study was similar to properly operating UASB reactors reported in literature [4].Values in parenthesis are % removal efficiency.Khan et al. Journal of Environmental Health Science Engineering 2014, 12:43 http://www.ijehse.com/content/12/1/Page four ofComparatively the BOD, COD and TSS of sewage were observed high at these STPs. The removal of suspended solids in all UASB reactors was about 4070 . The higher TSS concentration in UASB reactors effluent was attributed to a restricted quantity of sludge disposal from the sludge bed. The removal of nitrogen and phosphorous was insignificant at all UASB reactors. The removal of pathogenic indicators TC and FC in UASB reactors was also observed low, within the order of 1 Log units.Odour dilemma at STPsRemoval of heavy metalsFor several years, the odour nuisance has been of main concern at UASB based STPs, specifically in situations of STPs surrounded by the densely populated cities. Though odour issues commonly happen at distinctive.
